Topography

What is Topography?

Corneal topography is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that maps the curvature and shape of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. It’s like creating a detailed 3D map of the anterior cornea’s surface. In a corneal topography, any irregularities or distortions are highlighted, helping to diagnose any diseases or conditions.

Corneal topography uses a computerized system to show the variations in curvature of the cornea. This is done through a pattern of light that is projected onto the cornea. The system analyzes the light that is reflected and uses that data to make a map.

What is the test used for?

Corneal topography is helpful for a variety of different reasons, including diagnosing and managing eye conditions, planning procedures, and fitting lenses.

For example, any trauma or scarring to the cornea damages and affects its shape. Corneal topography can measure the impact on the cornea and ultimately its effect on vision. If a patient has pterygium, it can also help monitor the size of any growths that can occur in the cornea. Lastly, topography can help detect any astigmatism and the early progression of keratoconus.

Corneal topography is also useful when finding what contact lenses to wear in order to improve vision. If a scan shows a lot of distortion to the corneas shape, a special hard contact lens may be needed.

It is also crucial for surgeries, such as LASIK or cataract surgery. During LASIK surgery, the shape of the cornea needs to be changed in order to correct refractive errors such as myopia. Using a topography scan can help the surgeon understand how to accurately reshape the cornea.

Cataract causes the natural lens to be cloudy, blurring vision. During surgery, the cloudy lens needs to be replaced with an intraocular lens. Topography can help the surgeon choose the right lens to use for the patient.

How is the test done?

You’ll be seated in front of a bowl with circles of light on the inside. Your forehead and chin should be secure to ensure that a clear image is taken. You look ahead at a fixed target on the device while it projects light patterns onto your corneas. The device then captures the reflected light, and the computer analyzed the patterns of the reflected light to create a detailed, color-coded map of the corneal surface

Duration

The duration of the Topography test will be 5 – 7 mins.

Who needs a corneal topography?

Corneal topography may need to be done if you plan on having surgery, if you need to treat a corneal disease, if you have already had surgery, or if you need contact lenses.

For certain surgeries, such as LASIK, a corneal topography may be needed to make sure there are no underlying conditions that can lead to complications and to help the surgeon reshape the cornea to treat refractive errors.

If you have already had surgery, a topography might be done to evaluate the results and make sure everything is fine.

A corneal topography may also be needed to fit contact lenses if the cornea is irregularly shaped.

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